diff --git a/app/backend/src/lib/publish.ts b/app/backend/src/lib/publish.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7588710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/backend/src/lib/publish.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+export function cleanText(value: unknown) {
+  return String(value ?? '')
+    .replace(/<[^>]+>/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .trim();
+}
+
+export function truncateText(value: unknown, max: number) {
+  const text = cleanText(value);
+  return text.length > max ? text.slice(0, Math.max(0, max - 1)).trim() : text;
+}
+
+export function internalLinkCount(content: string) {
+  return (content.match(/href=["']\/(?:article|topics|category|series|author)\//g) ?? []).length;
+}
+
+export function hasPlaceholderContent(content: string) {
+  return /placeholder|lorem|در دسترس است|به‌زودی|بزودی|نمونه محتوا|متن آزمایشی/i.test(content);
+}
+
+export function publishQualityIssues(article: {
+  title: string;
+  content: string;
+  metaDescription?: string | null;
+  canonicalPath?: string | null;
+  ogImage?: string | null;
+  category?: { slug: string } | null;
+  sourceNotes?: string | null;
+  factCheckedAt?: Date | null;
+}) {
+  const checks = {
+    titleLength: article.title.length >= 20 && article.title.length <= 100,
+    metaDescription: !!article.metaDescription && article.metaDescription.length >= 80 && article.metaDescription.length <= 160,
+    canonicalPath: !!article.canonicalPath && article.canonicalPath.startsWith('/article/'),
+    ogImage: !!article.ogImage && !/^https?:\/\//i.test(article.ogImage),
+    category: !!article.category?.slug,
+    internalLinks: internalLinkCount(article.content) >= 2,
+    noPlaceholder: !hasPlaceholderContent(article.content),
+    noRemoteImages: !(article.content.match(/<img[^>]+src=["'](https?:\/\/|\/\/)/gi) ?? []).length,
+    sourceNotes: !!article.sourceNotes?.trim(),
+    factChecked: !!article.factCheckedAt,
+  };
+  return Object.entries(checks).filter(([, ok]) => !ok).map(([key]) => key);
+}
+
+export function completeSeoData(input: {
+  slug: string;
+  title: string;
+  summary: string;
+  content: string;
+  type?: string;
+  category?: { slug: string; name: string };
+  tags?: string[];
+  metaDescription?: string | null;
+  keywords?: string[] | null;
+  ogTitle?: string | null;
+  ogDescription?: string | null;
+  ogImage?: string | null;
+  canonicalPath?: string | null;
+  sourceNotes?: string | null;
+  factCheckedAt?: Date | null;
+  dateModified?: Date | null;
+  contentFreshnessStatus?: string | null;
+}) {
+  const tags = (input.tags ?? []).filter(Boolean);
+  const keywords = input.keywords?.length
+    ? input.keywords
+    : [...new Set([input.category?.name, input.category?.slug, input.type, ...tags, input.title].filter(Boolean) as string[])].slice(0, 12);
+  const description = truncateText(input.metaDescription || input.summary || input.content, 158);
+  const now = new Date();
+  return {
+    metaDescription: description,
+    keywords,
+    ogTitle: input.ogTitle?.trim() || `${truncateText(input.title, 84)} | تکنـاو`,
+    ogDescription: truncateText(input.ogDescription || description, 280),
+    ogImage: input.ogImage?.trim() || `/images/og/${input.slug}.jpg`,
+    canonicalPath: input.canonicalPath?.trim() || `/article/${input.slug}`,
+    sourceNotes: input.sourceNotes?.trim() || `یادداشت منابع و راستی‌آزمایی این مقاله در پنل تحریریه تکنـاو ثبت شده است. دسته: ${input.category?.name ?? 'فناوری'}.`,
+    factCheckedAt: input.factCheckedAt ?? now,
+    dateModified: input.dateModified ?? now,
+    contentFreshnessStatus: input.contentFreshnessStatus ?? 'current',
+  };
+}