diff --git a/app/backend/src/routes/public.ts b/app/backend/src/routes/public.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ca4855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/backend/src/routes/public.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+import type { FastifyInstance, FastifyReply, FastifyRequest } from 'fastify';
+import { Prisma } from '@prisma/client';
+import { z } from 'zod';
+import { prisma } from '../db.js';
+import { redis } from '../redis.js';
+import { cached, bust } from '../lib/cache.js';
+import { requireAuth } from '../plugins/session.js';
+import { verifyCaptcha } from '../lib/captcha.js';
+import { publishRealtime } from '../lib/realtime.js';
+
+const PUBLISHED = 'منتشرشده';
+const ARTICLE_CACHE_TTL = 30;
+const LOOKUP_CACHE_TTL = 300;
+const SEARCH_CACHE_TTL = 30;
+const MAX_LIMIT = 50;
+const LEGACY_ARTICLE_SLUGS: Record<string, string> = {
+  'ai-agents-2026': 'agentic-ai-production',
+  'quantum-computing-2024': 'quantum-computing',
+};
+
+const articleQuerySchema = z.object({
+  page: z.coerce.number().int().positive().default(1),
+  limit: z.coerce.number().int().positive().max(MAX_LIMIT).default(12),
+  category: z.string().trim().optional(),
+  author: z.string().trim().optional(),
+  tag: z.string().trim().optional(),
+  type: z.string().trim().optional(),
+  q: z.string().trim().max(120).optional(),
+  sort: z.enum(['latest', 'popular', 'readtime', 'personalized']).default('latest'),
+  featured: z.coerce.boolean().optional(),
+});
+
+const searchQuerySchema = z.object({
+  q: z.string().trim().min(1).max(120),
+  page: z.coerce.number().int().positive().default(1),
+  limit: z.coerce.number().int().positive().max(MAX_LIMIT).default(12),
+});
+
+const newsletterSchema = z.object({
+  email: z.string().email().max(254).toLowerCase(),
+  captchaId: z.string().trim().min(1).max(64),
+  userSolution: z.string().trim().min(1).max(20),
+  source: z.string().trim().max(120).optional(),
+});
+
+const analyticsEventSchema = z.object({
+  type: z.enum(['share_clicked']),
+  articleId: z.string().trim().optional(),
+  slug: z.string().trim().max(240).optional(),
+  topic: z.string().trim().max(120).optional(),
+  metadata: z.record(z.any()).optional(),
+});
+
+const reactionSchema = z.object({
+  type: z.string().trim().min(1).max(32),
+});
+
+const listResponseSchema = {
+  type: 'object',
+  additionalProperties: true,
+  properties: {
+    items: { type: 'array', items: { type: 'object', additionalProperties: true } },
+    page: { type: 'number' },
+    limit: { type: 'number' },
+    total: { type: 'number' },
+    pages: { type: 'number' },
+  },
+};
+
+const simpleListResponseSchema = {
+  type: 'object',
+  additionalProperties: true,
+  properties: {
+    items: { type: 'array', items: { type: 'object', additionalProperties: true } },
+  },
+};
+
+type ArticleWithRelations = Prisma.ArticleGetPayload<{
+  include: {
+    category: true;
+    author: { include: { user: { select: { username: true } } } };
+    tags: { include: { tag: true } };
+    corrections: { include: { editor: { select: { id: true; name: true; username: true } } } };
+  };
+}>;
+
+type AuthorWithArticles = Prisma.AuthorGetPayload<{
+  include: {
+    articles: {
+      where: { status: string; publishedAt: { not: null } };
+      orderBy: { publishedAt: 'desc' };
+      take: 1;
+    };
+    _count: { select: { articles: true } };
+  };
+}>;
+
+function normalizeFa(input: string) {
+  return input
+    .replace(/[\u200c\u0640]/g, '')
+    .replace(/[\u064b-\u0652]/g, '')
+    .replace(/[يى]/g, 'ی')
+    .replace(/ك/g, 'ک')
+    .replace(/[أإآٱ]/g, 'ا')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, ' ')
+    .trim()
+    .toLowerCase();
+}
+
+function articleOrder(sort: z.infer<typeof articleQuerySchema>['sort']) {
+  if (sort === 'popular') return [{ views: 'desc' as const }, { publishedAt: 'desc' as const }];
+  if (sort === 'readtime') return [{ readTime: 'desc' as const }, { publishedAt: 'desc' as const }];
+  return [{ publishedAt: 'desc' as const }, { createdAt: 'desc' as const }];
+}
+
+function publicArticle(article: ArticleWithRelations, options: { premium?: boolean } = {}) {
+  const publishedAt = article.publishedAt ?? article.createdAt;
+  const locked = article.premiumOnly && !options.premium;
+  return {
+    id: article.id,
+    slug: article.slug,
+    title: article.title,
+    subtitle: article.subtitle,
+    summary: article.summary,
+    content: locked ? `<p>${article.summary}</p><div class="premium-lock">این مقاله برای اعضای پریمیوم تکناو است.</div>` : article.content,
+    type: article.type,
+    status: article.status,
+    readTime: article.readTime,
+    views: article.views,
+    reactions: article.reactions,
+    featured: article.featured,
+    sponsored: article.sponsored,
+    premiumOnly: article.premiumOnly,
+    premiumLocked: locked,
+    diagram: article.diagram,
+    metaDescription: article.metaDescription,
+    keywords: article.keywords,
+    ogTitle: article.ogTitle,
+    ogDescription: article.ogDescription,
+    ogImage: article.ogImage,
+    canonicalPath: article.canonicalPath ?? `/article/${article.slug}`,
+    correctionNotice: article.correctionNotice,
+    dateModified: article.dateModified?.toISOString().slice(0, 10) ?? article.updatedAt.toISOString().slice(0, 10),
+    category: article.category.slug,
+    categoryName: article.category.name,
+    categorySlug: article.category.slug,
+    categoryColor: article.category.color,
+    authorId: article.author.id,
+    authorSlug: article.author.slug,
+    authorName: article.author.name,
+    authorUsername: article.author.user?.username ?? null,
+    date: publishedAt.toLocaleDateString('fa-IR'),
+    dateEn: publishedAt.toISOString().slice(0, 10),
+    tags: article.tags.map((t) => t.tag.name),
+    author: publicAuthor(article.author),
+    categoryInfo: publicCategory(article.category),
+    factCheckedAt: article.factCheckedAt?.toISOString() ?? null,
+    reviewedById: article.reviewedById,
+    sourceNotes: article.sourceNotes,
+    contentFreshnessStatus: article.contentFreshnessStatus,
+    corrections: article.corrections?.map((correction) => ({
+      id: correction.id,
+      note: correction.note,
+      createdAt: correction.createdAt.toISOString(),
+      date: correction.createdAt.toLocaleDateString('fa-IR'),
+      editor: correction.editor ? { id: correction.editor.id, name: correction.editor.name, username: correction.editor.username } : null,
+    })) ?? [],
+  };
+}
+
+function publicCategory(category: {
+  id: string;
+  slug: string | null;
+  name: string;
+  description: string;
+  color: string;
+  diagram: string | null;
+  articleCount: number;
+}) {
+  return {
+    id: category.slug,
+    dbId: category.id,
+    slug: category.slug,
+    name: category.name,
+    description: category.description,
+    color: category.color,
+    diagram: category.diagram,
+    articleCount: category.articleCount,
+  };
+}
+
+function publicAuthor(author: {
+  id: string;
+  slug: string;
+  name: string;
+  specialty: string;
+  bio: string;
+  initials: string;
+  color: string;
+  social: Prisma.JsonValue;
+  articleCount: number;
+  verifiedExpert?: boolean;
+  verificationNote?: string | null;
+  user?: { username: string | null } | null;
+}) {
+  return {
+    id: author.id,
+    slug: author.slug,
+    name: author.name,
+    specialty: author.specialty,
+    bio: author.bio,
+    initials: author.initials,
+    color: author.color,
+    social: author.social,
+    articleCount: author.articleCount,
+    verifiedExpert: !!author.verifiedExpert,
+    verificationNote: author.verificationNote ?? null,
+    username: author.user?.username ?? null,
+  };
+}
+
+function publicNewsletterCampaign(row: {
+  id: string;
+  subject: string;
+  slug: string | null;
+  bodyHtml: string;
+  sentAt: Date | null;
+  createdAt: Date;
+}) {
+  return {
+    id: row.id,
+    subject: row.subject,
+    slug: row.slug ?? row.id,
+    bodyHtml: row.bodyHtml,
+    sentAt: row.sentAt?.toISOString() ?? null,
+    createdAt: row.createdAt.toISOString(),
+  };
+}
+
+async function articleInclude() {
+  return {
+    category: true,
+    author: { include: { user: { select: { username: true } } } },
+    tags: { include: { tag: true } },
+    corrections: { include: { editor: { select: { id: true, name: true, username: true } } }, orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' as const } },
+  } satisfies Prisma.ArticleInclude;
+}
+
+function badInput(reply: FastifyReply) {
+  return reply.code(400).send({ error: 'invalid_input' });
+}
+
+async function flushViewCounters() {
+  let cursor = '0';
+  do {
+    const [next, keys] = await redis.scan(cursor, 'MATCH', 'views:article:*', 'COUNT', 100);
+    cursor = next;
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      const articleId = key.slice('views:article:'.length);
+      const raw = await redis.getset(key, '0');
+      const amount = Number(raw ?? 0);
+      if (amount > 0) {
+        const updated = await prisma.article.update({
+          where: { id: articleId },
+          data: { views: { increment: amount } },
+          select: { id: true, slug: true, views: true },
+        }).catch(() => undefined);
+        if (updated) {
+          const today = new Date();
+          today.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
+          await prisma.articleViewLog.upsert({
+            where: { articleId_date: { articleId, date: today } },
+            update: { views: { increment: amount } },
+            create: { articleId, date: today, views: amount },
+          }).catch(() => undefined);
+          await publishRealtime({ event: 'view_update', data: { articleId: updated.id, slug: updated.slug, views: updated.views } }).catch(() => undefined);
+        }
+      }
+      await redis.del(key);
+    }
+  } while (cursor !== '0');
+}
+
+export default async function publicRoutes(app: FastifyInstance) {
+  const include = await articleInclude();
+
+  const interval = setInterval(() => {
+    flushViewCounters().catch((err) => app.log.warn({ err }, 'failed to flush article view counters'));
+  }, 60_000);
+  app.addHook('onClose', async () => {
+    clearInterval(interval);
+    await flushViewCounters();
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/articles', {
+    schema: {
+      querystring: {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          page: { type: 'number' },
+          limit: { type: 'number' },
+          category: { type: 'string' },
+          author: { type: 'string' },
+          tag: { type: 'string' },
+          type: { type: 'string' },
+          q: { type: 'string' },
+          sort: { type: 'string', enum: ['latest', 'popular', 'readtime', 'personalized'] },
+          featured: { type: 'boolean' },
+        },
+      },
+      response: { 200: listResponseSchema },
+    },
+  }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const parsed = articleQuerySchema.safeParse(req.query);
+    if (!parsed.success) return badInput(reply);
+    const query = parsed.data;
+    const userId = req.session?.userId;
+    const cacheKey = `articles:${normalizeFa(JSON.stringify(query))}:${userId ?? 'anon'}`;
+
+    return cached(cacheKey, ARTICLE_CACHE_TTL, async () => {
+      let where: Prisma.ArticleWhereInput = {
+        status: PUBLISHED,
+        publishedAt: { not: null },
+        deletedAt: null,
+        ...(query.featured !== undefined ? { featured: query.featured } : {}),
+        ...(query.type ? { type: query.type } : {}),
+        ...(query.category ? { category: { slug: query.category } } : {}),
+        ...(query.author ? { author: { slug: query.author } } : {}),
+        ...(query.tag ? { tags: { some: { tag: { name: { equals: query.tag, mode: 'insensitive' } } } } } : {}),
+      };
+
+      if (query.q) {
+        where.OR = [
+          { title: { contains: query.q, mode: 'insensitive' } },
+          { summary: { contains: query.q, mode: 'insensitive' } },
+          { subtitle: { contains: query.q, mode: 'insensitive' } },
+          { author: { name: { contains: query.q, mode: 'insensitive' } } },
+          { category: { name: { contains: query.q, mode: 'insensitive' } } },
+          { tags: { some: { tag: { name: { contains: query.q, mode: 'insensitive' } } } } },
+        ];
+      }
+
+      // Personalization logic
+      if (query.sort === 'personalized' && userId) {
+        const [followedTopics, followedWriters, readHistory] = await Promise.all([
+          prisma.topicFollow.findMany({ where: { userId }, select: { topic: true } }),
+          prisma.writerFollow.findMany({ where: { followerId: userId }, select: { writerId: true } }),
+          prisma.readHistory.findMany({ where: { userId }, select: { articleId: true } }),
+        ]);
+
+        const topicSlugs = followedTopics.map(t => t.topic);
+        const writerIds = followedWriters.map(w => w.writerId);
+        const readIds = readHistory.map(h => h.articleId);
+
+        where = {
+          ...where,
+          id: { notIn: readIds },
+          OR: [
+            ...(topicSlugs.length ? [{ category: { slug: { in: topicSlugs } } }] : []),
+            ...(writerIds.length ? [{ author: { user: { id: { in: writerIds } } } }] : []),
+            ...(topicSlugs.length === 0 && writerIds.length === 0 ? [{ featured: true }] : []),
+          ],
+        };
+      }
+
+      const [total, rows] = await Promise.all([
+        prisma.article.count({ where }),
+        prisma.article.findMany({
+          where,
+          include,
+          orderBy: query.sort === 'personalized' ? [{ publishedAt: 'desc' }] : articleOrder(query.sort),
+          skip: (query.page - 1) * query.limit,
+          take: query.limit,
+        }),
+      ]);
+
+      let items = rows.map((article) => publicArticle(article));
+      if (query.sort === 'personalized' && items.length < query.limit) {
+        const readIds = userId ? (await prisma.readHistory.findMany({ where: { userId }, select: { articleId: true } })).map(h => h.articleId) : [];
+        const fill = await prisma.article.findMany({
+          where: {
+            status: PUBLISHED,
+            publishedAt: { not: null },
+            deletedAt: null,
+            id: { notIn: [...items.map(i => i.id), ...readIds] }
+          },
+          include,
+          orderBy: { publishedAt: 'desc' },
+          take: query.limit - items.length,
+        });
+        items = [...items, ...fill.map((article) => publicArticle(article))];
+      }
+
+      return {
+        items,
+        page: query.page,
+        limit: query.limit,
+        total: query.sort === 'personalized' ? items.length : total,
+        pages: Math.ceil(total / query.limit),
+      };
+    });
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/articles/:slug', {
+    schema: {
+      params: { type: 'object', required: ['slug'], properties: { slug: { type: 'string' } } },
+      response: {
+        200: { type: 'object', additionalProperties: true },
+        404: { type: 'object', properties: { error: { type: 'string' } } },
+      },
+    },
+  }, async (req: FastifyRequest<{ Params: { slug: string } }>, reply) => {
+    const canonicalSlug = LEGACY_ARTICLE_SLUGS[req.params.slug] ?? req.params.slug;
+    const article = await prisma.article.findFirst({
+      where: { slug: canonicalSlug, status: PUBLISHED, publishedAt: { not: null }, deletedAt: null },
+      include,
+    });
+    if (!article) return reply.code(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
+
+    await redis.incr(`views:article:${article.id}`);
+    await prisma.analyticsEvent.create({
+      data: {
+        type: 'article_viewed',
+        userId: req.session?.userId ?? null,
+        articleId: article.id,
+        topic: article.category.slug,
+        metadata: { slug: article.slug },
+      },
+    }).catch(() => undefined);
+
+      const [related, saved, reactions, viewer, seriesLink] = await Promise.all([
+      prisma.article.findMany({
+        where: {
+          status: PUBLISHED,
+          publishedAt: { not: null },
+          deletedAt: null,
+          categoryId: article.categoryId,
+          id: { not: article.id },
+        },
+        include,
+        orderBy: [{ publishedAt: 'desc' }],
+        take: 3,
+      }),
+      req.session
+        ? prisma.savedArticle.findUnique({ where: { userId_articleId: { userId: req.session.userId, articleId: article.id } } })
+        : Promise.resolve(null),
+      req.session
+        ? prisma.reaction.findMany({ where: { userId: req.session.userId, articleId: article.id }, select: { type: true } })
+        : Promise.resolve([]),
+      req.session
+        ? prisma.user.findUnique({ where: { id: req.session.userId }, select: { membershipTier: true, membershipExpiresAt: true } })
+        : Promise.resolve(null),
+      prisma.seriesArticle.findFirst({
+        where: { articleId: article.id },
+        include: {
+          series: {
+            include: {
+              articles: {
+                include: { article: { select: { id: true, slug: true, title: true } } },
+                orderBy: { position: 'asc' },
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      }),
+    ]);
+    const premium = viewer?.membershipTier === 'premium' && (!viewer.membershipExpiresAt || viewer.membershipExpiresAt > new Date());
+    const series = seriesLink ? {
+      id: seriesLink.series.id,
+      title: seriesLink.series.title,
+      slug: seriesLink.series.slug,
+      position: seriesLink.position,
+      articles: seriesLink.series.articles.map((sa) => ({
+        position: sa.position,
+        slug: sa.article.slug,
+        title: sa.article.title,
+      })),
+    } : null;
+
+    return {
+      article: { ...publicArticle(article, { premium }), series },
+      related: related.map((item) => publicArticle(item)),
+      saved: !!saved,
+      reactions: Object.fromEntries(reactions.map((r) => [r.type, true])),
+    };
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/articles/:slug/related', async (req: FastifyRequest<{ Params: { slug: string } }>, reply) => {
+    const canonicalSlug = LEGACY_ARTICLE_SLUGS[req.params.slug] ?? req.params.slug;
+    const article = await prisma.article.findFirst({
+      where: { slug: canonicalSlug, status: PUBLISHED, publishedAt: { not: null }, deletedAt: null },
+      include: { tags: true },
+    });
+    if (!article) return reply.code(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
+    const cacheKey = `related:${article.id}`;
+    const cachedRelated = await redis.get(cacheKey).catch(() => null);
+    if (cachedRelated) return JSON.parse(cachedRelated);
+    const tagIds = article.tags.map((t) => t.tagId);
+    const candidates = tagIds.length
+      ? await prisma.article.findMany({
+          where: {
+            id: { not: article.id },
+            status: PUBLISHED,
+            publishedAt: { not: null },
+            deletedAt: null,
+            tags: { some: { tagId: { in: tagIds } } },
+          },
+          include,
+          take: 12,
+        })
+      : [];
+    const scored = candidates
+      .map((row) => ({ row, overlap: row.tags.filter((t) => tagIds.includes(t.tagId)).length }))
+      .sort((a, b) => b.overlap - a.overlap || b.row.views - a.row.views)
+      .slice(0, 3)
+      .map(({ row }) => publicArticle(row));
+    const payload = { items: scored };
+    await redis.set(cacheKey, JSON.stringify(payload), 'EX', 60 * 60).catch(() => undefined);
+    return payload;
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/categories', {
+    schema: { response: { 200: simpleListResponseSchema } },
+  }, async () => cached('categories:all', LOOKUP_CACHE_TTL, async () => ({
+    items: (await prisma.category.findMany({ orderBy: { name: 'asc' } })).map(publicCategory),
+  })));
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/categories/:slug', {
+    schema: {
+      params: { type: 'object', required: ['slug'], properties: { slug: { type: 'string' } } },
+      response: { 200: { type: 'object', additionalProperties: true }, 404: { type: 'object', properties: { error: { type: 'string' } } } },
+    },
+  }, async (req: FastifyRequest<{ Params: { slug: string } }>, reply) => {
+    const category = await prisma.category.findUnique({ where: { slug: req.params.slug } });
+    if (!category) return reply.code(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
+    return { category: publicCategory(category) };
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/tags', {
+    schema: { response: { 200: simpleListResponseSchema } },
+  }, async () => cached('tags:all', LOOKUP_CACHE_TTL, async () => ({
+    items: await prisma.tag.findMany({ orderBy: [{ count: 'desc' }, { name: 'asc' }] }),
+  })));
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/authors', {
+    schema: { response: { 200: simpleListResponseSchema } },
+  }, async () => cached('authors:all', LOOKUP_CACHE_TTL, async () => {
+    const authors = await prisma.author.findMany({
+      include: {
+        articles: {
+          where: { status: PUBLISHED, publishedAt: { not: null }, deletedAt: null },
+          orderBy: { publishedAt: 'desc' },
+          take: 1,
+        },
+        _count: { select: { articles: true } },
+      },
+      orderBy: { name: 'asc' },
+    });
+    return { items: authors.map((a: AuthorWithArticles) => ({ ...publicAuthor(a), liveArticleCount: a._count?.articles ?? a.articleCount, latestArticle: a.articles[0]?.title ?? null })) };
+  }));
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/authors/:slug', {
+    schema: {
+      params: { type: 'object', required: ['slug'], properties: { slug: { type: 'string' } } },
+      response: { 200: { type: 'object', additionalProperties: true }, 404: { type: 'object', properties: { error: { type: 'string' } } } },
+    },
+  }, async (req: FastifyRequest<{ Params: { slug: string } }>, reply) => {
+    const author = await prisma.author.findUnique({
+      where: { slug: req.params.slug },
+      include: { _count: { select: { articles: true } } },
+    });
+    if (!author) return reply.code(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
+    return { author: { ...publicAuthor(author), liveArticleCount: author._count?.articles ?? author.articleCount } };
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/series', async () => {
+    const rows = await prisma.articleSeries.findMany({
+      include: { articles: { include: { article: { include } }, orderBy: { position: 'asc' } } },
+      orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
+    });
+    return {
+      items: rows.map((series) => ({
+        id: series.id,
+        title: series.title,
+        slug: series.slug,
+        description: series.description,
+        coverImage: series.coverImage,
+        articleCount: series.articles.length,
+        articles: series.articles.map((item) => ({ position: item.position, article: publicArticle(item.article) })),
+      })),
+    };
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/series/:slug', async (req: FastifyRequest<{ Params: { slug: string } }>, reply) => {
+    const series = await prisma.articleSeries.findUnique({
+      where: { slug: req.params.slug },
+      include: { articles: { include: { article: { include } }, orderBy: { position: 'asc' } } },
+    });
+    if (!series) return reply.code(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
+    return {
+      series: {
+        id: series.id,
+        title: series.title,
+        slug: series.slug,
+        description: series.description,
+        coverImage: series.coverImage,
+        articles: series.articles.map((item) => ({ position: item.position, article: publicArticle(item.article) })),
+      },
+    };
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/newsletter/archive', async () => {
+    const rows = await prisma.newsletterCampaign.findMany({
+      where: { sentAt: { not: null } },
+      orderBy: { sentAt: 'desc' },
+      take: 100,
+    });
+    return { items: rows.map(publicNewsletterCampaign) };
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/newsletter/archive/:slug', async (req: FastifyRequest<{ Params: { slug: string } }>, reply) => {
+    const row = await prisma.newsletterCampaign.findFirst({
+      where: { OR: [{ slug: req.params.slug }, { id: req.params.slug }], sentAt: { not: null } },
+    });
+    if (!row) return reply.code(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
+    return { campaign: publicNewsletterCampaign(row) };
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/search', {
+    schema: {
+      querystring: { type: 'object', required: ['q'], properties: { q: { type: 'string' }, page: { type: 'number' }, limit: { type: 'number' } } },
+      response: { 200: listResponseSchema },
+    },
+  }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const parsed = searchQuerySchema.safeParse(req.query);
+    if (!parsed.success) return badInput(reply);
+    const { q, page, limit } = parsed.data;
+    const normalized = normalizeFa(q);
+    return cached(`search:${normalized}:${page}:${limit}`, SEARCH_CACHE_TTL, async () => {
+      const offset = (page - 1) * limit;
+      const ids = await prisma.$queryRaw<{ id: string }[]>`
+        SELECT id
+        FROM "Article"
+        WHERE status = ${PUBLISHED}
+          AND "publishedAt" IS NOT NULL
+          AND "deletedAt" IS NULL
+          AND search_tsv @@ plainto_tsquery('simple', teknav_norm_fa(${q}))
+        ORDER BY ts_rank(search_tsv, plainto_tsquery('simple', teknav_norm_fa(${q}))) DESC,
+                 "publishedAt" DESC
+        LIMIT ${limit} OFFSET ${offset}
+      `;
+      const count = await prisma.$queryRaw<{ count: bigint }[]>`
+        SELECT COUNT(*)::bigint AS count
+        FROM "Article"
+        WHERE status = ${PUBLISHED}
+          AND "publishedAt" IS NOT NULL
+          AND "deletedAt" IS NULL
+          AND search_tsv @@ plainto_tsquery('simple', teknav_norm_fa(${q}))
+      `;
+      const order = new Map(ids.map((row, index) => [row.id, index]));
+      const rows = ids.length
+        ? await prisma.article.findMany({ where: { id: { in: ids.map((i) => i.id) } }, include })
+        : [];
+      rows.sort((a, b) => (order.get(a.id) ?? 0) - (order.get(b.id) ?? 0));
+      const total = Number(count[0]?.count ?? 0);
+      return { items: rows.map((article) => publicArticle(article)), page, limit, total, pages: Math.ceil(total / limit) };
+    });
+  });
+
+  app.post('/api/v1/newsletter', {
+    schema: {
+      body: { type: 'object', required: ['email', 'captchaId', 'userSolution'], properties: { email: { type: 'string' }, captchaId: { type: 'string' }, userSolution: { type: 'string' } } },
+      response: {
+        200: { type: 'object', properties: { ok: { type: 'boolean' }, alreadySubscribed: { type: 'boolean' } } },
+        400: { type: 'object', properties: { error: { type: 'string' } } },
+        429: { type: 'object', properties: { error: { type: 'string' }, retryAfter: { type: 'number' } } },
+      },
+    },
+  }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const parsed = newsletterSchema.safeParse(req.body);
+    if (!parsed.success) return badInput(reply);
+    
+    // Verify captcha first
+    const captchaValid = await verifyCaptcha(parsed.data.captchaId, parsed.data.userSolution);
+    if (!captchaValid) {
+      return reply.code(400).send({ error: 'invalid_captcha' });
+    }
+    
+    const key = `newsletter:${req.ip}`;
+    const hits = await redis.incr(key);
+    if (hits === 1) await redis.expire(key, 60 * 60);
+    if (hits > 3) {
+      const ttl = await redis.ttl(key);
+      reply.header('Retry-After', String(Math.max(ttl, 1)));
+      return reply.code(429).send({ error: 'too_many_requests', retryAfter: ttl });
+    }
+    const existing = await prisma.newsletterSubscriber.findUnique({ where: { email: parsed.data.email } });
+    if (existing) return { ok: true, alreadySubscribed: true };
+    await prisma.newsletterSubscriber.create({ data: { email: parsed.data.email, source: parsed.data.source ?? 'site' } });
+    await prisma.analyticsEvent.create({
+      data: { type: 'newsletter_subscribed', topic: parsed.data.source ?? null, metadata: { source: parsed.data.source ?? 'site' } },
+    }).catch(() => undefined);
+    return { ok: true, alreadySubscribed: false };
+  });
+
+  app.post('/api/v1/analytics/events', {
+    schema: { body: { type: 'object', additionalProperties: true } },
+  }, async (req, reply) => {
+    const parsed = analyticsEventSchema.safeParse(req.body);
+    if (!parsed.success) return badInput(reply);
+    const article = parsed.data.articleId
+      ? await prisma.article.findUnique({ where: { id: parsed.data.articleId }, select: { id: true, slug: true, category: { select: { slug: true } } } })
+      : parsed.data.slug
+        ? await prisma.article.findUnique({ where: { slug: parsed.data.slug }, select: { id: true, slug: true, category: { select: { slug: true } } } })
+        : null;
+    await prisma.analyticsEvent.create({
+      data: {
+        type: parsed.data.type,
+        userId: req.session?.userId ?? null,
+        articleId: article?.id ?? null,
+        topic: parsed.data.topic ?? article?.category.slug ?? null,
+        metadata: { ...(parsed.data.metadata ?? {}), slug: article?.slug ?? parsed.data.slug ?? null },
+      },
+    }).catch(() => undefined);
+    return { ok: true };
+  });
+
+  app.get('/api/v1/newsletter/unsubscribe', async (req, reply) => {
+    const token = String((req.query as any)?.token ?? '');
+    if (!token) return reply.code(400).type('text/plain; charset=utf-8').send('invalid token');
+    await prisma.newsletterSubscriber.delete({ where: { unsubscribeToken: token } }).catch(() => null);
+    return reply.type('text/plain; charset=utf-8').send('اشتراک خبرنامه حذف شد.');
+  });
+
+  app.post('/api/v1/articles/:id/reactions', {
+    preHandler: requireAuth(),
+    schema: {
+      params: { type: 'object', required: ['id'], properties: { id: { type: 'string' } } },
+      body: { type: 'object', required: ['type'], properties: { type: { type: 'string' } } },
+      response: { 200: { type: 'object', additionalProperties: true } },
+    },
+  }, async (req: FastifyRequest<{ Params: { id: string }; Body: unknown }>, reply) => {
+    const parsed = reactionSchema.safeParse(req.body);
+    if (!parsed.success) return badInput(reply);
+    const article = await prisma.article.findUnique({ where: { id: req.params.id } });
+    if (!article) return reply.code(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
+    const key = { userId_articleId_type: { userId: req.session!.userId, articleId: article.id, type: parsed.data.type } };
+    const existing = await prisma.reaction.findUnique({ where: key });
+    if (existing) {
+      await prisma.reaction.delete({ where: key });
+    } else {
+      await prisma.reaction.create({ data: { userId: req.session!.userId, articleId: article.id, type: parsed.data.type } });
+    }
+    const total = await prisma.reaction.count({ where: { articleId: article.id } });
+    await prisma.article.update({ where: { id: article.id }, data: { reactions: total } });
+    const actor = await prisma.user.findUnique({ where: { id: req.session!.userId }, select: { username: true, name: true } });
+    await prisma.activityLog.create({
+      data: { userId: req.session!.userId, action: existing ? 'واکنش حذف شد' : 'واکنش ثبت شد', target: article.title, type: 'reaction' },
+    });
+    await publishRealtime({
+      event: 'activity',
+      data: { type: 'reaction', actor: actor?.username ?? actor?.name ?? 'user', target: article.slug, ts: new Date().toISOString() },
+    });
+    await bust('articles:*');
+    return { ok: true, active: !existing, reactions: total };
+  });
+
+  app.post('/api/v1/articles/:id/save', {
+    preHandler: requireAuth(),
+    schema: {
+      params: { type: 'object', required: ['id'], properties: { id: { type: 'string' } } },
+      response: { 200: { type: 'object', properties: { ok: { type: 'boolean' }, saved: { type: 'boolean' } } } },
+    },
+  }, async (req: FastifyRequest<{ Params: { id: string } }>, reply) => {
+    const article = await prisma.article.findUnique({ where: { id: req.params.id } });
+    if (!article) return reply.code(404).send({ error: 'not_found' });
+    const key = { userId_articleId: { userId: req.session!.userId, articleId: article.id } };
+    const existing = await prisma.savedArticle.findUnique({ where: key });
+    if (existing) {
+      await prisma.savedArticle.delete({ where: key });
+      const list = await prisma.readingList.findFirst({ where: { userId: req.session!.userId, isDefault: true } });
+      if (list) await prisma.readingListItem.deleteMany({ where: { listId: list.id, articleId: article.id } });
+      return { ok: true, saved: false };
+    }
+    await prisma.savedArticle.create({ data: { userId: req.session!.userId, articleId: article.id } });
+    await prisma.analyticsEvent.create({
+      data: { type: 'article_saved', userId: req.session!.userId, articleId: article.id, metadata: { slug: article.slug } },
+    }).catch(() => undefined);
+    const list = await prisma.readingList.upsert({
+      where: { userId_name: { userId: req.session!.userId, name: 'بعداً بخوانم' } },
+      update: { isDefault: true },
+      create: { userId: req.session!.userId, name: 'بعداً بخوانم', isDefault: true },
+    });
+    const nextPosition = await prisma.readingListItem.count({ where: { listId: list.id } });
+    await prisma.readingListItem.upsert({
+      where: { listId_articleId: { listId: list.id, articleId: article.id } },
+      update: {},
+      create: { listId: list.id, articleId: article.id, position: nextPosition + 1 },
+    });
+    return { ok: true, saved: true };
+  });
+}