diff --git a/app/backend/prisma/migrations/00000000000003_soft_deletes/migration.sql b/app/backend/prisma/migrations/00000000000003_soft_deletes/migration.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fd4e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/backend/prisma/migrations/00000000000003_soft_deletes/migration.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+-- Add soft-delete columns for Article and Comment.
+ALTER TABLE "Article" ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS "deletedAt" TIMESTAMP(3);
+ALTER TABLE "Comment" ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS "deletedAt" TIMESTAMP(3);
+
+-- Index for filtering soft-deleted rows.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "Article_deletedAt_idx" ON "Article" ("deletedAt");
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "Comment_deletedAt_idx" ON "Comment" ("deletedAt");
+
+-- Standalone publishedAt index for homepage queries.
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "Article_publishedAt_idx" ON "Article" ("publishedAt" DESC);